Spore print color chart1/23/2024 This veil leaves an annular zone on the stipe that may be darkened by spores. The underside of the pileus is densely gilled, and they possess a thin gelatinous veil (pellicle) separating the pileus and stipe. They turn a bluish color when handled or bruised, due to the oxidization of psilocin. Like all mushrooms of the Psilocybe genus, they have a hygrophanous nature, meaning their coloration shifts depending on hydration levels. Psilocybe Semilanceata is on average the smallest of the 4 prominent Psilocybe species, and one of the most potent. Results from testing done by Stamets and Gartz in 1997 place it as the third most potent Psilocybe species. Semilanceata grows in a much more diverse range of environments than most of its relatives in the Psilocybe genus, allowing it to spread prolifically from its speculated original habitat in Europe to nearly every continent. In the early 1950's it was the first European species confirmed to contain psilocybin. In current times, it is more commonly known as "Liberty Cap". Semilanceata intoxication dates back to 1799 in London, when a family prepared a meal with mushrooms they found growing in London's Thames park. The name is derived from the latin “semi-lanceata” meaning “spear-shaped”. It has a conical or bell-shaped cap throughout its life cycle, dissimilar to most other Psilocybe's whose caps broaden with age. It was first cataloged by Elias Magnus Fries as a garicus semilanceatus in his 1838 publication Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici. It was subsequently transferred to Psilocybe in 1871 when many sub-groupings of a garicus were raised to the level of genus. The P silocybe Semilanceata species is one of the oldest and most commonly recognized Psilocybe mushrooms.
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